-
1 Institute for Advanced Materials
Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Institute for Advanced Materials
-
2 Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and Design
IAMM & D, Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and DesignНИИ перспективных материалов, механики и проектированияEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and Design
-
3 Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and Design
Military: IAMM&DУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and Design
-
4 Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
-
5 Institut
Institut n GEN institute, inst.* * ** * *Institut
institute, institution, establishment, home, hall (US);
• demoskopisches Institut Institute for Population Research;
• wissenschaftliches Institut scientific institution;
• Institut für Arbeitspsychologie Institute for Work Psychology;
• Institut zur Auflagen- und Hörerschaftskontrolle single audit system of circulations (US);
• Institut für Fragen der Konjunkturpolitik institute for business-cycle research;
• Institut für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (EU) Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP);
• Institut für Raumfahrtanwendungen Institute for Space Applications (ISA);
• Institut für Referenzmaterialien und -messungen Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM);
• Institut für Städteplanung town-planning institute (US);
• Institut zum Studium von Verkehrsfragen Institute of Transport (Br.);
• Institut für Systeme, Informatik und Sicherheit Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety (ISIS);
• Institut für Transurane Institute for Transuranium Elements;
• Institut für Umwelt Environment Institute;
• Institut für Verwaltungsführung Institute of Office Management (Br.);
• Institut für fortgeschrittene Werkstoffe Institute for Advanced Materials;
• Institut für technologische Zukunftsforschung Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). -
6 IAMM&D
Военный термин: Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and Design -
7 Institut für fortgeschrittene Werkstoffe
Institut für fortgeschrittene Werkstoffe
Institute for Advanced MaterialsBusiness german-english dictionary > Institut für fortgeschrittene Werkstoffe
-
8 IAMM & D
IAMM & D, Institute for Advanced Materials, Mechanics, and DesignНИИ перспективных материалов, механики и проектированияEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > IAMM & D
-
9 IAM
- начальное адресное сообщение
- модуль аварийной сигнализации на базе искусственного интеллекта
- Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
- запоминающее устройство со средним временем выборки
запоминающее устройство со средним временем выборки
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
Институт по разработке перспективных материалов (Европейского сообщества)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
модуль аварийной сигнализации на базе искусственного интеллекта
интеллектуальный модуль аварийной сигнализации
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
начальное адресное сообщение
(МСЭ-Т I.358).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > IAM
-
10 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germanyd. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA[br]German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).[br]Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).[br]Further ReadingL.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.DYBiographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
-
11 Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 6 October 1887 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerlandd. 27 August 1965 Cap Martin, France[br]Swiss/French architect.[br]The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Zurich University 1933. Honorary Member RIBA 1937. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. American Institute of Architects Gold Medal 1961. Honorary Degree University of Geneva 1964.BibliographyHis chief publications, all of which have been numerously reprinted and translated, are: 1923, Vers une architecture.1935, La Ville radieuse.1946, Propos d'urbanisme.1950, Le Modular.Further ReadingP.Blake, 1963, Le Corbusier: Architecture and Form, Penguin. R.Furneaux-Jordan, 1972, Le Corbusier, Dent.W.Boesiger, 1970, Le Corbusier, 8 vols, Thames and Hudson.——1987, Le Corbusier: Architect of the Century, Arts Council of Great Britain.DYBiographical history of technology > Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
См. также в других словарях:
MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology — The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology (often simply called the MacDiarmid Institute) is a New Zealand research organisation specialising in materials science and nanotechnology. It is based at Victoria University of… … Wikipedia
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research — Founded in 1982, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research is a virtual institute dedicated to collaborative advanced research and scholarship of relevance to the Canadian and global community. Membership of the institute is by invitation and… … Wikipedia
Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study — The Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard is an educational institution in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the semiautonomous components of Harvard University. It is heir to the name and buildings of Radcliffe College, but unlike… … Wikipedia
Institute for Transuranium Elements — The Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) is a European Commission nuclear research institute in Karlsruhe, Germany. The ITU is one of the seven institutes of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate General of the European Commission… … Wikipedia
Institute for Environment and Sustainability — The Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) is a specialised institute of the Joint Research Centre directorate of the European Commission, based at Ispra, Italy. Its mission is to provide scientific and technical support to EU… … Wikipedia
Advanced Materials — Titre abrégé Adv. Mater. Discipline Science des matériaux Langue … Wikipédia en Français
Institute for Materials Research — is a research institute for material sciences in the Tohoku University, Japan. It is one of the most advanced research organization in the world. In 2001, it is ranked as no.1 in the field of material sciences by [http://scientific.thomson.com/… … Wikipedia
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences — The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (OR) and management science. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the… … Wikipedia
Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter — The Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter ( [http://icam i2cam.org/ ICAM] ) is a multicampus collective of scientists studying emergent phenomena in biology, chemistry and physics and in wider context.It is generally acknowledged that many of the … Wikipedia
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research — The Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research (MPI FKF) is part of the Max Planck Society which operates 80 research facilities in Germany. It is a research institute located in Büsnau which is part of Stuttgart, Germany. Nobel Prize… … Wikipedia
Max Planck Institute for Metals Research — The Max Planck Institute for Metals Research (German: Max Planck Institut für Metallforschung) is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Stuttgart. The institute was founded 1921 as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Metal Research… … Wikipedia